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Alga A
green or blue-green one-celled plant (or cyanobacterium). In
lichens these occupy a layer just beneath the cortex. (Also called
phycobionts). |
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Apothecium
(plural, apothecia) The most conspicuous spore-bearing structure on
the surface of lichens; a disk-shaped structure that produces
ascospores. |
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Appressed
Closely anchored to the substrate. |
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Areolate
Characterized by having the thallus broken into small, discrete
patches or blocks. |
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Ascocarp A
fungal structure that produces asci and ascospores (whether a
perithecium or apothecium). |
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Ascomycetes
A class of fungi in which spores are produced in asci; most lichen
fungi are Ascomycetes. |
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Ascospore A
spore produced by the apothecium of a lichen; these spores are
produced initially by meiosis, in eights or multiples of eight,
sometimes reduced to as few as two or one. |
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Ascus (pl.
asci) A balloonlike cell which generates ascospores
internally. |
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Cephalodium
(pl. cephalodia) A separate colony of algae different from the
normal symbiont, growing on the surface of a lichen. |
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Cortex A
layer of tightly packed fungal tissue forming the upper or lower
side of the thallus; sometimes the lower cortex is absent, exposing
the medulla. |
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Crustose
Closely attached to the substrate, and lacking free or ascending
lobes. |
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Cyphella
(pl. cyphellae) A break on the lower cortex, in which the medulla
is not exposed but covered by a smooth membrane. |
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Foliose
Having thin, leaflike lobes, loosely attached to the
substrate. |
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Fruticose
Having an erect, simple or branched, cylindrical thallus attached
basally to the substrate. |
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