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21. Bryoria (Alectoria) chalybeiformis [steely].
Long, sparsely branched strings of dark brown or black "horsehair". This species grows on rocks, but several others occur hanging from the twigs of conifers. In the Rocky Mountains, wherever Bryoria or Usnea occur, their presence usually indicates that a late snow patch might be found beneath, giving a moisture evaporation column upward to enhance germination of the lichen.
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22. Coelocaulon (Cetraria) aculeatum [sharp pointed].
A small, unattached, bushybranched, dark brown, fruticose lichen with hollow, cylindrical branches ending in sharp points. Apothecia hardly ever seen. Common in gaps in the vegetation, or hidden between other plants, on the alpine tundra.