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71. Thamnolia vermicularis [worm-like].
A very common, unattached lichen gathering in blowout patches of tundra or caught in between the stems of grasses and sedges. The thalli resemble hollow, white icicles, and may be simple or slightly branched. Apothecia are unknown. Two species are often recognized that are indistinguishable except that one fluoresces in ultraviolet light.
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72. Umbilicaria americana.
A huge umbilicate lichen up to 8 inches in diameter with a white or grayish thallus and jet black underside covered with black rhizinae, abundant on vertical cliffs on north-facing exposures in the foothills. Minute black dots on the thallus are pycnidia. Apothecia are very rare, but when present they are convex, black, and deeply furrowed. Long mistaken for U. vellea, this lichen was first recognized as distinct in 1994!