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61. Rhizocarpon geminatum [paired, referring to the spores which occur two in an ascus].
A very common "salt-and-pepper" lichen found on granitic rocks throughout the mountains. This species has a very close relative, R. disporum. Actually, the names mean the same, two- or twin-spored. The spores are black, divided into many small cells, and in R. disporum they occur one to an ascus, belying the name; in R. geminatum they occur two to an ascus.
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62. Umbilicaria virginis [of a maiden?].
A medium-sized white or pale tan species characteristically found on tundra boulders but occasionally on canyon walls, recognized by its pale underside covered with pale rhizinae. The apothecia are not furrowed (gyrodiscs) as in most Umbilicaria, but simply have a central invagination thus resembling a belly button (called an omphalodisc).