CHAPTER 8: THE PALEOLITHIC CAVES

[Back to Note 1] Abbé H. Breuil, Four Hundred Centuries of Cave Art (Montignac, Dordogne: Centre d’études et de documentation prehistorique, no date), Figs. 86 and 89 and p. 118.

[Back to Note 2] Ibid., Figs. 114 and 115, and pp. 134-37.

[Back to Note 3] Ibid., pp. 135-37.

[Back to Note 4] Géza Róheim, Magic and Schizophrenia, posthumously edited by Warner Muensterberger (New York: International Universites Press, 1955), pp. 36-37. For further examples and discussion, see Róheim, “The Pointing Bone,” Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, Vol. LIV (1925), p. 90.

[Back to Note 5] Róheim, Psychoanalysis and Anthropology, p. 131.

[Back to Note 6] Spencer and Gillen, op. cit., p. 287, Fig. 47; p. 295, Fig. 52; pp. 332-33, Figs. 66 and 67; p. 518, Fig. 102.

[Back to Note 7] Leo Frobenius, Kulturgeschichte Afrikas (Zurich: Phaidon-Verlag, 1933), pp. 131-32.

[Back to Note 8] Breuil, op. cit., pp. 146-47.

[Back to Note 9] Ibid., p. 236.

[Back to Note 10] This account of the disocvery is based on that given by Count Begouen to Dr. Herbert Kühn at the time of the latter’s visit to the cave in 1926. From Herbert Kühn, Auf den Spuren des Eiszeitmenschen, published by F.A. Brockhaus, Wiesbaden, Germany, 1953, pp. 88-90.

[Back to Note 11] Ibid., pp. 91-94, abridged.

[Back to Note 12] Breuil, op. cit., pp. 152-75.

[Back to Note 13] Kühn, op. cit., p. 96.

[Back to Note 14] Breuil, op. cit., p. 176.

[Back to Note 15] Kühn, op. cit., pp. 94-95.

[Back to Note 16] Coon, op. cit., pp. 103.

[Back to Note 17] Moritz Hoernes and Oswald Menghin, Urgeschichte der bildenden Kunst in Europa (Vienna: Anton Schroll and Company, 1925), pp. 116-17; Feorges H. Luquet, L’Art et la religion des hommes fossiles (Paris: Masson et Compagnie, 1926), p. 126.

[Back to Note 18] Frobenius, Das unbekannte Afrika, pp. 27-28.

[Back to Note 19] Oswald Menghin, Weltgeschichte der Steinzeit (Vienna: A. Schroll and Company, 1931), p. 148.

[Back to Note 20] Franz Hancar, “Zum Problem der Venusstatuetten im eurasiatischen Jungpalaolithikum,” Praehistorische Zeitschrift, XXXXXXI Band (1939-1940), 1/2 Heft, pp. 85- 156.

[Back to Note 21] Ibid., p. 151.

[Back to Note 22] Ibid., p. 152.

[Back to Note 23] Bridges, op. cit., pp. 412-14.

[Back to Note 24] Ibid., p. 166.

[Back to Note 25] Spencer and Gillen, op. cit., p. 426.

[Back to Note 26] Ibid.

[Back to Note 27] E.F.Worms, “Prehistoric Rock Carvings and Cave Paintings in Northwestern Australia,” paper read at Fifth International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences, Philadelphia, 1956.

[Back to Note 28] W. Schmidt, Der Ursprung der Gottesidee, 12 vols. (Munster in Westfalia; Aschendorff, 1912-1955).

[Back to Note 29] Ibid., “The Position of Women with Regard to Property in Primitive Society,” American Anthropologist, Vol. 37 (1935), pp. 244-56.

[Back to Note 30] E.G., Bronislaw Malinowski, The Sexual Life of Savages (one-volume edition; New York: Eugenics Publishing Company, 1929), pp. 179-86.

[Back to Note 31] Schmidt, Der Ursprung der Gottesidee, Vol. II, “Die Religionen der Urvolker Amerikas,” pp. 995-96.

[Back to Note 32] Genesis 3:16.

[Back to Note 33] Osborn, op. cit., pp. 284-87.

[Back to Note 34] Ibid., pp. 364-70.

[Back to Note 35] Cf. Coon, op. cit., pp. 34-35.

[Back to Note 36] Hancar, op. cit., p. 106.

[Back to Note 37] Ibid., pp. 135-37.

[Back to Note 38] C. von den Steinen, “Praehistorische Zeichen und Ornamente,” Bastian-Festschrift (Berlin, 1896), cited by Hancar, op. cit., p. 130.

[Back to Note 39] V.A. Gorodcov, Archeologija, 1923, Kamennyie period, p. 281; cited by Hancar, op. cit., p. 130.

[Back to Note 40] P.P. Jefinemko, Soobsceniya Gosudarstvennoi Akademii Istorii Material’noi Kul’turi (Leningrad-Moscow, 1931), 11-12, p. 60.

[Back to Note 41] Ipek (Jahrbuch fur praehistorische und ethnographische Kunst) (Leipzig, 1931), p. 65.

[Back to Note 42] Hancar, op. cit., p. 94; also Herbert Kühn, “Das Problem der Urmonotheismus,” Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur in Mainz, Abhandlungen der Geistes-und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Klasse, 1950, Nr. 22, pp. 1665- 66.

[Back to Note 43] N.N. Cheboksarov and T.A. Trofimova, “Antropologicheskoe inzuahemie Mansi,” Kratie soobscenia II, M.K. 9, as reported by F. Field and E. Prostov, “Results of Soviet Investigations in Siberia,” American Anthropologist, Vol. 44 (1942), p. 403 n.

[Back to Note 44] Spinden, op. cit., map, p. 108.

[Back to Note 45] William S. Webb and Charles E. Snow, The Adena People (Lexington, KY.: Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Kentucky, Reports in Anthropology and Archaeology, Vol. VI, 1945); and William S. Webb and Raymond S. Baby, The Adena People, No. 2 (Columbus, O.: Ohio State University Press, 1957).

[Back to Note 46] W.A. Ritchie, Recent Discoveries Suggesting an Early Woodland Burial Cult in the Northeast (Albany, N.Y.: New York State Museum and Science Service, Circular 40, 1955).

[Back to Note 47] Henry (Hinrich Johannes) Rink, Tales and Traditions of the Eskimo (Edinburgh and London: William Blackwood and Sons, 1875), pp. 39-40.

[Back to Note 48] Katha Upaniṣad 3:14.

[Back to Note 49] Chrétien de Troyes, Le Chevalier de la charrette (Wendelin Foerster’s ed.; Halle: Max Niemeyer, 1899), pp. 107ff., ll. 302 ff.

[Back to Note 50] Kroeber, op. cit., p. 41.

[Back to Note 51] A.C. Haddon, The Races of Man (London: Cambridge University Press, 1924), p. 95.

[Back to Note 52] Kyosuki Kindaiti, Ainu Life and Legends (Tokyo: Tourist Library 36, 1941), p. 50.

[Back to Note 53] J. Bachelor, article “Ainus,” Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics, ed. James Hastings (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1928), Vol. I, pp. 249-50; and Kindaiti, op. cit., pp. 52-54.

[Back to Note 54] Kindaiti, op. cit., pp. 51-52.

[Back to Note 55] Bachelor, op. cit., p. 245.

[Back to Note 56] Ibid., p. 239.

[Back to Note 57] Frobenius, Kulturgeschichte Afrikas, map, p. 8.

[Back to Note 58] Weinert, op. cit., p. 108.

[Back to Note 60] Emil Bachler, Das alpine Palaolithikum der Schweiz (Basel, 1940).

[Back to Note 61] Konrad Hormann, Die Petershohle bei Velden in Mittelfranken (Abhandlungen der Naturhistorischen Gesellschaft zu Nurnberg, 1923).

[Back to Note 62] Osborn, op. cit., pp. 221, 513-14.

[Back to Note 63] Ibid., p. 222.

[Back to Note 64] Ibid., p. 223.

[Back to Note 65] Piaget, op. cit., p.367.

[Back to Note 66] Kindaiti, op. cit., pp. 41-47.

[Back to Note 67] Oswald Menghin, “Der Nachweis des Opfers im Altpalaolithikum,” Wiener Praehistorischer Zeitschrift, 1926, pp. 14 ff.

[Back to Note 68] A. Gahs, “Kopf-, Schadel- und Langknochenopfer bei Rentiervolkern,” Festschrift: Publication d’hommage offerte au P.W. Schmidt (Vienna: Mechitharisten- Congregations-Buchdruckerei, 1928), pp. 231 ff.

[Back to Note 69] A.J. Hallowell, “Bear Ceremonialism in the Northern Hemisphere,” American Anthropologist, 1926, pp. 87 ff.

[Back to Note 70] Uno Holmberg, “Uber die Jagdriten der mordlichen Volker Asiens und Europas,” Journal de la Societe Finno- Ougrienne, Vol. 41 k (Helsinki, 1925-1926), pp. 1-53.

[Back to Note 71] Lothar Friedrich Zotz, Die schlesischen Hohlen und ihre eiszeitlichen Bewohner (Breslau, 1937); Die Altsteinzeit in Niederschlesien (Leipzig, 1939). Also, Wilhelm Koppers, “Kunstlicher Zahnschliff am Baren im Altpalaolithikum und bei den Ainu auf Sachalin,” Quartar, 1938, pp. 97 ff.

[Back to Note 72] Kühn, “Das Problem des Urmonotheismus,” pp. 1646-47.

[Back to Note 73] Comte Begouen, “Les modelages d’argile de la caverne de Montespan,” Comptes rendus des seances de l’Academie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres, 31 aout and 26 octobre, 1923, 14 p., pp. 349-50, 401. A photograph of the object will be found in Abbé Breuil, op. cit., p. 237.

[Back to Note 74] Frobenius, Kulturgeschichte Afrikas, pp. 83-85.

[Back to Note 75] Ibid., p. 83.

[Back to Note 76] Ibid., p. 81.

[Back to Note 77] Ibid., p. 81.

[Back to Note 78] Piaget, op. cit., pp. 361-62.

[Back to Note 79] Ostermann, op. cit., p. 128.

[Back to Note 80] Leo Frobenius, Der Kopf als Schicksal (Munich, 1924), p. 88; as quoted by Carl Kerenyi, “Kore,” op. cit., pp. 141-42.

[Back to Note 81] Cf. Lidio Cipriani, “Excavations in Andamanese Kitchen Middens,” Acts of IVth International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences (Vienna, 1952), Vol. II, pp. 250-53.