CHAPTER 5: THE RITUAL LOVE-DEATH

[Back to Note 1] Paul Wirz, Die Marind-anim von Hallandisch Sud-Neu-Guinea (Hamburg: L. Friedrichsen and Company, Vol. I, 1922, Vol. II, 1925).

[Back to Note 2] Ibid., Vol. II, pp. 40-44.

[Back to Note 3] Hensen, op. cit., pp. 34-38.

[Back to Note 4] After ibid., p. 39.

[Back to Note 5] Ibid., pp. 168-70.

[Back to Note 6] Cf. Adolf E. Jensen, “Die mythische Weltbetrachtung der alten Pflanzer-Völker,” Eranos-Jahrbuch 1949 (Zurich: Rhein-Verlag, 1950), pp. 440-47.

[Back to Note 7] Frazer, op. cit., p. 386.

[Back to Note 8] Homeric Hymns in Cererem 2; also Ovid, Metamorphoses V, 385 ff.

[Back to Note 9] Frazer, op. cit., p. 470.

[Back to Note 10] Jane Ellen Harrison, Prolegomena to the Study of Greek Religion (3d ed.; London: Cambridge University Press, 1922).

[Back to Note 11] Scholiast to Lucian, Dial. Meretr. II.1, translated by Jane Ellen Harrison in ibid. (1st ed., 1903), p. 122.

[Back to Note 12] Hippolytus, Philosoph. 5,8.

[Back to Note 13] Walter Otto, “Der Sinn der eleusinischen Mysterien,” Eranos-Jahrbuch 1939 (Zurich: Rhein-Verlag, 1940), pp. 99-106.

[Back to Note 14] Ephemeris archaiologike, 1883, Archaiologike hetaireis en Athenais (‘Athens: Carl Beck, 1884), p. 81.

[Back to Note 15] Frazer, op. cit., pp. 479 ff.

[Back to Note 16] Ovid, Metamorphoses, IV.665 ff.

[Back to Note 17] Carl Kerenyi, “Kore,” in C.G. Jung and Carl Kerenyi, Essays on a Science of Mythology (New York: Pantheon Books, The Bollingen Series XXII, 1949), pp. 179-87.

[Back to Note 18] Jensen, Das religiose Weltbild einer fruhen Kultur, pp. 66-77.

[Back to Note 19] Edward Winslow Gifford, Tongan Myths and Tales (Honolulu: Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum Bulletin 8, 1924), p. 181.

[Back to Note 20] J.F. Stimson, The Legends of Maui and Tahaki (Honolulu: Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum Bulletin 127, 1934), pp. 28-35. The account is from a chant from the Tuamotus, here abridged from Stimson’s text and rendered in narrative style.

[Back to Note 21] Ibid., p. 3.

[Back to Note 22] E.g., Captains James Cook and James King, A Voyage to the Pacific Ocean (London: G. Micol and T. Cadell, 1784), Vol. II, Ch. X.

[Back to Note 23] Gifford, op. cit., p. 183.

[Back to Note 24] William Wyatt Gill, Myths and Songs from the South Pacific (London: Henry S. King and Company, 1876), pp. 77-79.

[Back to Note 25] Ananda K. Coomaraswamy, The Rg-Veda as Land-nama-bok (London: Luzac and Company, 1935).

[Back to Note 26] Thomas Thrum, More Hawaiian Folk Tales (Chicago: A.C. McClurg and Company, 1923), pp. 235-41.

[Back to Note 27] W.J. Thomson, Te pito te Henua, or Easter Island (Washington, D.C.: Simthsonian Report, 1889), kpp. 518- 19, as cited by Werner Wolff, Island of Death (New York: J.J. Augustin, 1948). p. 179.

[Back to Note 28] Meillet and Cohen, op. cit., p. 649.

[Back to Note 29] Ibid., pp. 663-64, 671.

[Back to Note 30] A.V. Kidder, “Looking Backward,” Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, LXXXIII, No. 4 (1940), pp. 527-37, cited by Clyde Kluckhohn in Anthropology Today, p. 512n.

[Back to Note 31] Leo Frobenius, Geographische Kultur kunde (Leipzig: Friedrich Brandstetter, 1904), p. 450.

[Back to Note 32] Cf. A.L. Kroeber, Anthropology (1st ed.; New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1923), p. 491.

[Back to Note 33] Cf. ibid., Fig. 36 (Spinden’s diagrammatic representation of the development of native American culture) and p. 352 (Kroeber’s own guess).

[Back to Note 34] Frederick Johnson, “Radiocarbon Dating,” Memoirs of the Society for American Archaeology, No.8 (Salt Lake City, 1951), pp. 10-18.

[Back to Note 35] Cf. Carleton S. Coon, op. cit., p. 149, and Harry L. Shapiro, “Les Iles Marquises: Prehistory of Polynesia,” Natural History, May 1958, p. 265.

[Back to Note 36] Gordon R. Willey, “Archaeological Theories and Interpretation: New World,” Anthropology Today, p. 375.

[Back to Note 37] Wendell C. Bennett, “New World Culture History: South America,” Anthropology Today, pp. 220-21.

[Back to Note 38] Julian H. Steward, “South American Cultures: An Interpretative Summary,” Handbook of South American Indians (Washington, D.C.: Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin 143, Vol. V, 1949), p. 749.

[Back to Note 39] Ibid., p. 769.

[Back to Note 40] Carl O. Sauer, “Cultivated Plants in South and Central America,” Handbook of South American Indians, Vol. VI (1950), p. 506.

[Back to Note 41] Ibid., pp. 533-38.

[Back to Note 42] Ibid., pp. 524-25.

[Back to Note 43] Ibid., p. 497.

[Back to Note 44] Ibid., p. 527.

[Back to Note 46] Sauer, op. cit., pp. 499-500, 502-503, 510, 513.

[Back to Note 47] Paul Rivet, “Early Contacts between Polynesia and America,” Diogenes, No. 16 (Winter 1956), p. 82.

[Back to Note 48] Ibid., pp. 78-87.

[Back to Note 49] Kroeber, op. cit., pp. 226-27.

[Back to Note 50] Robert Heine-Geldern and Gordon R. Eckholm, “Significant Parallels in the Symbolic Arts of Southern Asia and Middle America,” Selected Papers of the XXIXth International Congress of Americanists, Vol.I, The Civilization of Ancient America (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1951); Robert Heine-Geldern, “The Origin of Ancient Civilizations and Toynbee’s Thesis,” loc. cit.; Charles Wolcott Brooks, “Reports of Japanese Vessels Wrecked in the North Pacific from the Earliest Records to the Present Time,” Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, Vol. 6 (1875).

[Back to Note 51] See Gordon F. Eckholm, “A Possible Focus of Asiatic Influence in the Late Classical Cultures of Mesoamerica,” Memoirs of the Society of American Archaeology, Vol. XVIII, No. 3, Part a2 (January 1953)., pp. 72-89.

[Back to Note 52] Compare, for example, in Anthropology Today, the articles by Wendell C. Bennett (“New World Culture History: Middle America:), and Gordon R. Willey (“Archaeology Theories and Interpretation: New World”). A helpful chart and discussion will be found in Meguel Covarrubias, The Eagle, the Jaguar, and the Serpent (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1954), kpp. 73-89. Further guidance will be found in Philip Ainsworth Means, Ancient Civilizations of the Andes (New York and London: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1931); P. Alden Mason, The Ancient Civilizations of Peru (London: Penguin Books, 1957); Sylvanus Griswold Morley, The Ancient Maya (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1946); G.C. Vaillant, The Aztecs of Mexico (Penguin Books, 1950); Meguel Covarrubias, Indian Art of Mexico and Central America (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1957); and Gordon R. Willey and Philip Phillips, Method and Theory in American Archaeology (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1958). For the most recent study and C-14 datings of the Olmec complex, see Philip Drucker, Robert F. Heizer, and Robert J. Squier, Excavations at La Venta Tabasco, 1955 (Washington: Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin 170, 1959).

[Back to Note 53] Eckholm, loc. cit.

[Back to Note 54] Willey, op. cit., p. 37.

[Back to Note 55] Mentor L. Williams, ed., Schoolcraft’s Indian Legends (east Lansing, Mich.: Michigan State University Press, 1956), pp. 58-60.

[Back to Note 56] Theodor Koch-Grunberg, Zwei Jahren unter den Indianern: Reisen in Nordwest-Brasilien 1903-1905 (Berlin: Ernst Wasmuch A.G., 1910), pp. 292-93.

[Back to Note 57] Frazer, op. cit., pp. 589-91.

[Back to Note 58] E. de Jonghe, “Histoyre du Mechique, Manuscrit francais inedit du XVIe siecle,” Journal de la Société des Americanistes de Paris, Nouvelle Serie, Tome II, No. 1 (1905), pp. 28-29; cited by Jensen, Das religiose Weltbild einer fruhen Kultur, p. 119.