PART THREE: THE MYTHOLOGY OF THE PRIMITIVE HUNTERS

CHAPTER 6: SHAMANISM

[Back to Note 1] From Robert H. Lowie, Primitive Religion (Black and Gold Library; New York: Boni and Liveright, 1924), p. 7. Copyright © 1951 by Robert H. Lowie.

[Back to Note 2] Ruth Benedict, Patterns of Culture (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1934), pp. 59-60.

[Back to Note 3] Alex D. Krieger, op. cit., Anthropology Today, p. 251.

[Back to Note 4] Opler, op. cit., p. 1.

[Back to Note 5] Vajraccedikā 32.

[Back to Note 6] The Tempest IV.156-58.

[Back to Note 7] Opler, op. cit., pp. 1-18, greatly condensed.

[Back to Note 8] Ibid., p. 17.

[Back to Note 9] Rāmāyaṇa 1.45, 7.1.

[Back to Note 10] Opler, op. cit., p. 26.

[Back to Note 11] John 12:24.

[Back to Note 12] Natalie Curtis, The Indians’ Book (New York: Harper annd Brothers, 1907), pp. 38-39.

[Back to Note 13] Knud Rasmussen, Across Arctic America (New York and London: G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1927), pp. 82-84. Copyright G.P. Putnam’s Sons, Inc. Reprinted by permission of the publisher.

[Back to Note 14] Ibid., pp. 84-85.

[Back to Note 15] Ibid., pp. 85-86.

[Back to Note 16] E. Lucas Bridges, The Uttermost Part of the EArth (New York: E.P. Dutton and Company; London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1948), p. 262.

[Back to Note 17] Ibid., pp. 284-86.

[Back to Note 18] Ibid., p. 264.

[Back to Note 19] Ibid., pp. 232, 302-304.

[Back to Note 20] Ibid., p. 290.

[Back to Note 21] Ibid., p. 261.

[Back to Note 22] G.V. Ksenofontov, Legendy i rasskazy o shamanach u. yakutov, buryat i tungusov. Izdanie vtoroe. S predisloviem S.A. Tokareva (Moscow: Izdatel’stvo Bezbozhnik, 1930); translated (into German) by Adolf Friedrich and Georg Buddruss, Schamanengeschichten aus Siberien (Munich: Otto Wilhelm Barth-Verlag, 1955), pp. 211-12.

[Back to Note 23] Mircea Eliade, Le Chamanisme et les techniques archaiques de l’éctase (Paris: Payot, 1951).

[Back to Note 24] William James, Pragmatism (New York: Longmans, Green and Company, 1907), p. 12.

[Back to Note 25] Paul Radin, Primitive Man as Philosopher (New York and London: D. Appleton and Company,m 1927).

[Back to Note 26] Eliade, op. cit., p. 40.

[Back to Note 27] Spencer and Gillen, op. cit., pp. 523-25.

[Back to Note 28] Géza Róheim, Social Anthropology (New York: Boni and Liveright, 1926), pp. 350-51.

[Back to Note 29] Róheim, The Eternal Ones of the Dream, p. 191.

[Back to Note 30] Ksenofontov, op. cit., pp. 213-14.

[Back to Note 31] Uno Holmberg (Harva), Finno-Ugric, Siberian Mythology. The Mythology of All Races, Vol. IV (Boston: Marshall Jones Company, 1927), p. 499.

[Back to Note 32] B. Munkacsi, Vogul Nepkoltesi Gyujtemeny, Vol. III (Budapest, 1893), p. 7, cited by Géza Róheim, Hungarian and Vogul Mythology (Locust Valley, N.Y.: Monographs of the American Ethnological Society, J.J Augustin, 1954), p. 22.

[Back to Note 33] Munkacsi, op. cit., Vol. II, Part I, 1910-1921, p. 066, cited by Róheim, op. cit., p. 30.

[Back to Note 34] Ksenofontov, op. cit., pp. 179-181.

[Back to Note 35] Ibid., pp. 181-83.

[Back to Note 36] Jensen, Das religiose Weltbild einer fruhen Kultur, p. 131.

[Back to Note 37] Ksenofontov, op. cit., pp. 160-161.

[Back to Note 38] Ibid., p. 163.

[Back to Note 39] Ibid., p. 163.

[Back to Note 40] Ibid., p. 161.

[Back to Note 41] Ibid., p. 133.

[Back to Note 42] Ibid., pp. 146-47.

[Back to Note 43] Adapted from George Bird Grinnell, Blackfoot Lodge tales (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1892), pp. 153-54.

[Back to Note 44] Ibid., pp. 155-56.

[Back to Note 45] After Paul Radin, The Trickster (New York: Philosophical Library, 1956), p. 8.

[Back to Note 46] Ibid., pp. 22-23.

[Back to Note 47] Ibid., pp. 25-27.

[Back to Note 48] After Ginnell, op. cit., pp. 137-142.

[Back to Note 49] After Radin, op. cit., p. 53.

[Back to Note 50] V.L. Serosevskii, Yakuty (Petrograd, 1896), p. 653.

[Back to Note 51] Jung, “On the Psychology of the Trickster Figure,” In Radin, The Trickster, pp. 197-99.

[Back to Note 52] Charles Du Fresne Du Cange, Glossarium Mediae et Infirmae Latinitatis (1733), s.v. festum asinorum.

[Back to Note 53] Jung, op. cit., p. 209.

[Back to Note 54] “Skazaniya buryat, zapisanniyia raznymi sobiratelyami,” Zapiski Vostocno-Sibirskago Otdela Russkago Geograficeskage Obscestva, I.2 (Irkutsk, 1890), pp. 65- 66.

[Back to Note 55] V.I Anucin, “Ocerk samanstva u yeniseyskich ostyakov,” Sbornik Muzeya po Antropologii i Ethnografi pri Akademii Nauk, II.2 (Petrograd, 1914), p. 14.

[Back to Note 56] See, for example, George Bird Grinnell, Blackfoot Indian Stories (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1917), pp. 145-46; and, for an extensive bibliography, Stith Thompson, Tales of the North American Indians (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1929), p. 279, note 30, “Earth Diver.”

[Back to Note 57] After James A. Teit, “Thompson Tales,” in Folk-tales of Salishan and Sahaptin Tribes, Franz Boas, ed., p. 2; Memoirs of the American Folk-lore Society, Vol. XI (1917); cited by James G. Frazer, Myths of the Origin of Fire (London: Macmillan and Company, 1930), pp. 173-74.

[Back to Note 58] John R. Swanton, Myths and Tales of the Southeastern Indians (Washington, D.C.: Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin 88, 1929), p. 46; cited by Frazer, Myths of the Origin of Fire, p. 147.

[Back to Note 59] Livingston Farrand, “Traditions of the Chilcotin Indians,” The Jessup North Pacific Expedition, (New York: Memoir of the American Museum of Natural History, 1900), Vol. II, Part I, p. 3; cited by Frazer, Myths of the Origin of Fire, pp. 182-83.

[Back to Note 60] Adapted form James A. Teit, “Kaska Tales,” Journal of American Folk-lore, Vol. XXX (1917), p. 443.

[Back to Note 61] Radciffe-Brown, op. cit., pp. 202-203.

[Back to Note 62] Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound, 937ff., translated by John Stuart Blackie.

[Back to Note 63] Job 42:5-6.

[Back to Note 64] See Carl Kerenyi, The Gods of the Greeks (London and New York: Thames and Hudson, 1951), pp. 215-16, citing Hesiodi Opera et Dies 50, Hygini Astronomica 2.15, and Scholium Vergilius Eclogae 6.42.

[Back to Note 65] Sturluson, op. cit., “Gylfaginning,” LI, pp. 78-79.

[Back to Note 66] Nietzsche, Thus Spake Zarathustra, Prologue 2.