Chapter 17: A Roller Coaster Ride Toward Another Reconciliation: The Jiang Zemin Era
1 See David M. Lampton, Same
Bed, Different Dreams: Managing U.S.-China Relations,
1989–2000 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001),
293, 308.
2 State Department Bureau of Intelligence and
Research, “China: Aftermath of the Crisis” (July 27, 1989), 17, in
Jeffrey T. Richardson and Michael L. Evans, eds., “Tiananmen
Square, 1989: The Declassified History,” National Security Archive
Electronic Briefing Book no. 16 (June 1, 1999), Document
36.
3 Steven Mufson, “China’s Economic ‘Boss’: Zhu
Rongji to Take Over as Premier,” Washington
Post (March 5, 1998), A1.
4 September 14, 1992, statement, as quoted in A. M.
Rosenthal, “On My Mind: Here We Go Again,” New
York Times (April 9, 1993); on divergent Chinese and Western
interpretations of this statement, see also Lampton, Same Bed, Different Dreams, 32.
5 “Confronting the Challenges of a Broader World,”
President Clinton Address to the United Nations General Assembly,
New York City, September 27, 1993, from Department of State Dispatch 4, no. 39 (September
27, 1993).
6 Robert Suettinger, Beyond
Tiananmen: The Politics of U.S.-China Relations, 1989–2000
(Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution, 2003),
161.
7 Deng Xiaoping had given a speech in November 1989
calling on China to “Adhere to Socialism and Prevent Peaceful
Evolution toward Capitalism.” Mao had warned repeatedly against
“peaceful evolution” as well. See “Mao Zedong and Dulles’s
‘Peaceful Evolution’ Strategy: Revelations from Bo Yibo’s Memoirs,”
Cold War International History Project
Bulletin 6/7 (Washington, D.C.: Woodrow Wilson International
Center for Scholars, Winter 1996/1997), 228.
8 Reflecting this fact, “Most Favored Nation” has
since been technically renamed “Permanent Normal Trade Relations,”
although the “MFN” label remains in use.
9 Anthony Lake, “From Containment to Enlargement,”
address at the Nitze School of Advanced International Studies,
Johns Hopkins University, Washington, D.C., September 21, 1993,
from Department of State Dispatch 4,
no. 39 (September 27, 1993).
10 Suettinger, Beyond
Tiananmen, 165.
11 William J. Clinton, “Statement on
Most-Favored-Nation Trade Status for China” (May 28, 1993),
Public Papers of the Presidents of the United
States (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office,
1994), book 1, 770–71.
12 Ibid., 770–72.
13 Lake, “From Containment to
Enlargement.”
14 Suettinger, Beyond
Tiananmen, 168–71.
15 Warren Christopher, Chances
of a Lifetime (New York: Scribner, 2001), 237.
16 Ibid.
17 Ibid., 238.
18 Ibid., 238–39.
19 See, for example, Deng Xiaoping, “An Idea for
the Peaceful Reunification of the Chinese Mainland and Taiwan: June
26, 1983,” Selected Works of Deng
Xiaoping, vol. 3, 40–42.
20 John W. Garver, Face Off:
China, the United States, and Taiwan’s Democratization
(Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1997), 15; James Carman,
“Lee Teng-Hui: A Man of the Country,” Cornell
Magazine (June 1995), accessed at http://www.news.cornell.edu/campus/Lee/Cornell_Magazine_Profile.html.
21 Lampton, Same Bed,
Different Dreams, 101.
22 William J. Clinton, “Remarks and an Exchange
with Reporters Following Discussions with President Jiang Zemin of
China in Seattle: November 19, 1993,” Public
Papers of the Presidents of the United States (Washington,
D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1994), 2022–25.
23 Garver, Face Off,
92–97; Robert Suettinger, “U.S. ‘Management’ of Three Taiwan Strait
‘Crises,’” in Michael D. Swaine and Zhang Tuosheng with Danielle F.
S. Cohen, eds., Managing Sino-American Crises:
Case Studies and Analysis (Washington, D.C.: Carnegie
Endowment for International Peace, 2006), 278.
24 Madeleine Albright, Madam
Secretary (New York: Hyperion, 2003), 546.
25 Robert Lawrence Kuhn, The
Man Who Changed China: The Life and Legacy of Jiang Zemin
(New York: Crown Publishers, 2004), 2.
26 Albright, Madam
Secretary, 531.
27 Christopher Marsh, Unparalleled Reforms (New York: Lexington, 2005),
72.
28 Barry Naughton, The Chinese
Economy: Transitions and Growth (Cambridge: MIT Press,
2007), 142–43.
29 Michael P. Riccards, The
Presidency and the Middle Kingdom: China, the United States, and
Executive Leadership (New York: Lexington Books, 2000),
12.
30 Lampton, Same Bed,
Different Dreams, Appendix A, 379–80.
31 Zhu Rongji, “Speech and Q&A at the Advanced
Seminar on China’s Economic Development in the Twenty-first
Century” (September 22, 1997), in Zhu Rongji’s
Answers to Journalists’ Questions (Oxford: Oxford University
Press, 2011) (forthcoming), Chapter 5.