Chapter 7: A Decade of Crises
1 Frederick C. Teiwes, “The Establishment and
Consolidation of the New Regime, 1949–1957,” in Roderick
MacFarquhar, ed., The Politics of China: The
Eras of Mao and Deng, 2nd ed. (Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 1997), 74.
2 Jonathan Spence, The Search
for Modern China (New York: W. W. Norton, 1999),
541–42.
3 Lorenz M. Lüthi, The
Sino-Soviet Split: Cold War in the Communist World
(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2008), 76.
4 Ibid., 84.
5 For an elaboration of this point, and of the
links between Mao’s foreign and domestic policies, see Chen Jian,
Mao’s China and the Cold War (Chapel
Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2001), 6–15.
6 Grim accounts of this singularly destructive
episode are available in Jasper Becker, Hungry
Ghosts: Mao’s Secret Famine (New York: Henry Holt, 1998);
and Frederick C. Teiwes, China’s Road to
Disaster: Mao, Central Politicians, and Provincial Leaders in the
Unfolding of the Great Leap Forward, 1955–1959 (Armonk,
N.Y.: East Gate, 1998).
7 Neville Maxwell, India’s
China War (Garden City, NY: Anchor, 1972), 37.
8 John W. Garver, “China’s Decision for War with
India in 1962,” in Alastair Iain Johnston and Robert S. Ross, eds.,
New Directions in the Study of China’s Foreign
Policy (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2006),
106.
9 Ibid., 107.
10 Ibid.
11 Ibid., 108.
12 Ibid., 109.
13 Ibid., 110.
14 Ibid., 115.
15 Ibid., 120–21.
16 “Workers of All Countries Unite, Oppose Our
Common Enemy: December 15, 1962” (Peking: Foreign Languages Press,
1962) (reprint of editorial from Renmin
Ribao [People’s Daily])
.
17 Ibid.
18 Pravda, April 5,
1964, as quoted in Hemen Ray, Sino-Soviet
Conflict over India: An Analysis of the Causes of Conflict Between
Moscow and Beijing over India Since 1949 (New Delhi: Abhinav
Publications, 1986), 106.
19 John King Fairbank and Merle Goldman,
China: A New History, 2nd enlarged
edition (Cambridge: Belknap Press, 2006), 392.
20 Roderick MacFarquhar and Michael Schoenals,
Mao’s Last Revolution (Cambridge:
Belknap Press, 2006), 87–91.
21 Mark Gayn, “China Convulsed,” Foreign Affairs 45, issue 2 (January 1967): 247,
252.
22 Renmin Ribao
[People’s Daily] (Beijing), January 31,
1967, at 6, as cited in Tao-tai Hsia and Constance A. Johnson,
“Legal Developments in China Under Deng’s Leadership” (Washington,
D.C.: Library of Congress, Far Eastern Law Division, 1984),
9.
23 Anne F. Thurston, Enemies
of the People (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1987), 101–3;
MacFarquhar and Schoenals, Mao’s Last
Revolution, 118–20.
24 MacFarquhar and Schoenals, Mao’s Last Revolution, 224–27.
25 Ibid., 222–23.
26 See Chapter 14, “Reagan and the Advent of
Normalcy,” page 400.
27 See Yafeng Xia, moderator, H-Diplo Roundtable Review 11, no. 43 (Hu Angang,
Mao Zedong yu wenge [Mao Zedong and the Cultural Revolution]) (October
6, 2010), 27–33, accessed at http://www.h-net.org/~diplo/roundtables/PDF/Roundtable-XI-43.pdf.
28 John F. Kennedy, “A Democrat Looks at Foreign
Policy,” Foreign Affairs 36, no. 1
(October 1957): 50.
29 Wu Lengxi, “Inside Story of the Decision Making
During the Shelling of Jinmen,” in Li, Chen, and Wilson, eds., “Mao
Zedong’s Handling of the Taiwan Straits Crisis of 1958,”
CWIHP Bulletin 6/7, 208.
30 Yafeng Xia, Negotiating
with the Enemy: U.S.-China Talks During the Cold War,
1949–1972 (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2006),
109–14, 234; Noam Kochavi, A Conflict
Perpetuated: China Policy During the Kennedy Years
(Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 2002), 101–14.
31 Lyndon B. Johnson, “Remarks to the American
Alumni Council: United States Asian Policy: July 12, 1966,” no.
325, Public Papers of the Presidents of the
United States (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing
Office, 1967), book 2, 719–20.
32 Xia, Negotiating with the
Enemy, 117–31.
33 “Communist China: 6 December 1960,” National Intelligence Estimate, no. 13–60,
2–3.
34 Li Jie, “Changes in China’s Domestic Situation
in the 1960s and Sino-U.S. Relations,” in Robert S. Ross and Jiang
Changbin, eds., Re-examining the Cold War:
US-China Diplomacy, 1954–1973 (Cambridge: Harvard University
Press, 2001), 302.
35 Ibid., 304.
36 Ibid., 185, 305.